How to Write a Term Paper
This guide is designed to support you as you use electronic and print resources to:
choose a topic
craft a thesis
evaluate thesis and sources
identify a variety of information sources
take efficient notes
begin and organize a research paper
use parenthetical documentation
prepare a Works Cited page
draft and revise a research paper
All steps of the research process will be illustrated by examples that follow the creation of a research paper exploring Toni Morrison's novel Beloved. You will be able to track the development of a thesis from initial questions asked during the reading of Beloved to the documentation of material researched to develop that thesis.
First, a definition of terms:
1. Research
a. "The purpose of research is not simply to retrieve data, but to participate in a conversation about it" (Brent 109). In addition to being a scholarly investigation, research is a social activity intended to create new knowledge.
b. Because your purpose is to create new knowledge while recognizing those scholars whose existing work has helped you in this pursuit, you are honor bound never to commit the following academic sins:
1) Plagiarism: Literally "kidnapping," involving the use of someone else's words as if they were your own (Gibaldi 6). To avoid plagiarism you must document direct quotations, paraphrases, and original ideas not your own.
2) Recycling: Rehashing material you already know thoroughly or, without your professor's permission, submitting a paper that you have completed for another course.
3) Premature cognitive commitment: Academic jargon for deciding on a thesis too soon and then seeking information to serve that thesis rather than embarking on a genuine search for new knowledge.
2. Literary Research
a. Literary research is your response to the questions that you ask while experiencing the world the author or poet has created. These questions may concern such elements as character, style, setting, theme, or literary movement.
b. Your original text, the literary work you have studied first hand, is called the primary source.
Those works that present information as well as the opinions and ideas of other scholars are called secondary sources.
c. During literary research, you return again and again to the primary source to choose the material you wish to discuss, or to compare and contrast to other authors or works. You also return to the primary source to evaluate the critical statements of literary scholars.
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