On This Day in July

[Charity]

www.a0kteacherstuff.com/Jul_calendar.htm

July 1
In 1200, In China, sunglasses are invented

In 1776, 1st vote on Declaration of Independence

In 1898, Teddy Roosevelt & his Rough Riders charge up San Juan Hill

In 1916, Coca-Cola brings current coke formula to the market
www.woccatlanta.com/

In 1916, Dwight Eisenhower marries Mary `Mamie' Geneva Doud in Denver Colo

In 1963, US postal service institutes (Zone Improvement Plan) zip code

In 1966, Medicare goes into effect

[Charity]

July 2
In 1850, Benjamin Lane patents gas mask with a breathing apparatus
In 1881, President Garfield shot by Charles J Guiteau a disappointed office-seeker
In 1937, Amelia Earhart & Fred Noonan disappear over Pacific Ocean
In 1964, President Johnson signs Civil Rights Act & Voting Rights Act into law



July 3
In 1806, Michael Keens exhibits 1st cultivated strawberry
In 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry reach Japan
In 1890, Idaho admitted as 43rd US state
In 1930, Veterans Administration created
In 1939, Lou Gehrig day; Gehrig makes "luckiest man" speech. (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s Disease)
In 1986, Pres Reagan presided over relighting of renovated Statue of Liberty

[Charity]

July 4
Independence Day

July 5
In 1865, Secret Service began operating under the Treasury Department
In 1884, US Congress accept 2nd Chinese Exclusion Act
In 1986, Statue of Liberty is reopened after it is refurbished
www.endex.com/gf/buildings/liberty/solgallery/solgallery.htm


July 6
In 1560, England/Scotland signs Treaty of Edinburgh
In 1669, LaSalle leaves Montreal to explore Ohio River
In 1785, Congress resolves US currency named "dollar" and adopts decimal coinage
www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/northamerica.html

In 1848, Mexican-American War ended with the Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo
www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1848hidalgo.html

In 1885, Louis Pasteur successfully tests an anti-rabies vaccine
July 7
ambafrance-ca.org/HYPERLAB/PEOPLE/_pasteur.html

In 1456, Though she had already been executed, Joan of Arc is acquitted
www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintj05.htm

In 1550, Chocolate introduced
www.efn.org/~sundance/chocolate.html


In 1875, Jesse James robs train in Otterville Missouri
www.islandnet.com/~the-gang/

In 1891, Travelers checks patents
In 1898, US annexes Hawaii
In 1930, Construction begins on Boulder (Hoover) Dam|
www.sunsetcities.com/hoover-dam/is_it_hoover_dam_or_boulder_dam.html

[Charity]

July 8

1778, George Washington headquarters at West Point for his Continental Army
www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/gw1.html

In 1800, Dr Benjamin Waterhouse gives 1st cowpox vaccination to his son to prevent smallpox
www.thedorsetpage.com/history/smallpox/smallpox.htm

In 1889, Wall Street Journal begins publishing
wsjclassroom.com/current/index.html



July 9

In 1595, Johannes Kepler inscribes geometric solid construction of universe
observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/education/reference/orbits/orbit_sim.html

In 1776, Declaration of Independence is read to George Washington's troops (NY)
www.historychannel.com/cgi-bin/frameit.cgi?p=http%3A//www.historychannel.com/exhibits/declaration/main.html

In 1942, Anne Frank, 13, goes into hiding with her family & 4 other Jews
www.sptimes.com/nie/nieanne.html

In 1987, Colonel Oliver North admits to shredding Iran-Contra evidence
www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/18/archive/

[Charity]

July 10
In 1553, Lady Jane Grey becomes queen of England
In 1850, VP Fillmore becomes president following Zachary Taylor's death
In 1862, US begins construction of Central Pacific Railroad
In 1938, Howard Hughes flies around the world in 91 hours
www.socalhistory.org/Biographies/h_hughes.htm

[Charity]

July 11

In 1789, US Marine Corps created by an act of Congress

In 1859, Charles thingyens' "A Tale Of Two Cities" is published
www.helsinki.fi/kasv/nokol/thingyens.html

In 1952, General Eisenhower nominated as Republican presidential candidate
www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/de34.html

In 1984, Government orders air bags or seat belts would be required in cars by 1989

[Charity]

BURR SLAYS HAMILTON IN DUEL:
July 11, 1804

In a duel held in Weehawken, New Jersey, Vice President Aaron Burr fatally
shoots his long-time political antagonist Alexander Hamilton. Hamilton, a
leading Federalist and the chief architect of America's political economy, died
the following day.Alexander Hamilton, born on the Caribbean island of Nevis in
1757, came to the American colonies in 1773 as a poor immigrant. In 1776, he
joined the Continental Army in the American Revolution, and his relentless
energy and remarkable intelligence brought him to the attention of General
George Washington, who took him on as an aid. Ten years later, Hamilton served
as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, and he led the fight to win
ratification of the final document, which created the kind of strong,
centralized government that he favored. In 1789, he was appointed the first
secretary of the treasury by President Washington, and during the next six years
he crafted a sophisticated monetary policy that saved the young U.S. government
from collapse. With the emergence of political parties, Hamilton was regarded as
a leader of the Federalists.Aaron Burr, born into a prestigious New Jersey
family in 1756, was also intellectually gifted, and he graduated from the
College of New Jersey (later Princeton) at the age of 17. He joined the
Continental Army in 1775 and distinguished himself during the Patriot attack on
Quebec. A masterful politician, he was elected to the New State Assembly in 1783
and later served as state attorney. In 1790, he defeated Alexander Hamilton's
father-in-law in a race for the U.S. Senate.Hamilton came to detest Burr, whom
he regarded as a dangerous opportunist, and he often spoke ill of him. When Burr
ran for the vice presidency in 1796 on Thomas Jefferson's Democratic-Republican
ticket (the forerunner of the Democratic Party), Hamilton launched a series of
public attacks against Burr, stating, "I feel it is a religious duty to oppose
his career." John Adams won the presidency, and in 1797 Burr left the Senate and
returned to the New York Assembly.In 1800, Jefferson chose Burr again as his
running mate. Burr aided the Democratic-Republican ticket by publishing a
confidential document that Hamilton had written criticizing his fellow
Federalist President John Adams. This caused a rift in the Federalists and
helped Jefferson and Burr win the election with 73 electoral votes each.Under
the electoral procedure then prevailing, president and vice president were not
voted for separately; the candidate who received the most votes was elected
president, and the second in line, vice president. The vote then went to the
House of Representatives. What at first seemed but an electoral
technicality--handing Jefferson victory over his running mate--developed into a
major constitutional crisis when Federalists in the lame-duck Congress threw
their support behind Burr. After a remarkable 35 tie votes, a small group of
Federalists changed sides and voted in Jefferson's favor. Alexander Hamilton,
who had supported Jefferson as the lesser of two evils, was instrumental in
breaking the deadlock.Burr became vice president, but Jefferson grew apart from
him, and he did not support Burr's renomination to a second term in 1804. That
year, a faction of New York Federalists, who had found their fortunes
drastically diminished after the ascendance of Jefferson, sought to enlist the
disgruntled Burr into their party and elect him governor. Hamilton campaigned
against Burr with great fervor, and Burr lost the Federalist nomination and
then, running as an independent for governor, the election. In the campaign,
Burr's character was savagely attacked by Hamilton and others, and after the
election he resolved to restore his reputation by challenging Hamilton to a
duel, or an "affair of honor," as they were known.Affairs of honor were
commonplace in America at the time, and the complex rules governing them usually
led to an honorable resolution before any actual firing of weapons. In fact, the
outspoken Hamilton had been involved in several affairs of honor in his life,
and he had resolved most of them peaceably. No such recourse was found with
Burr, however, and on July 11, 1804, the enemies met at 7 a.m. at the dueling
grounds near Weehawken, New Jersey. It was the same spot where Hamilton's son
had died defending his father's honor two years before.There are conflicting
accounts of what happened next. According to Hamilton's "second"--his assistant
and witness in the duel--Hamilton decided the duel was morally wrong and
deliberately fired into the air. Burr's second claimed that Hamilton fired at
Burr and missed. What happened next is agreed upon: Burr shot Hamilton in the
stomach, and the bullet lodged next to his spine. Hamilton was taken back to New
York, and he died the next afternoon.Few affairs of honor actually resulted in
deaths, and the nation was outraged by the killing of a man as eminent as
Alexander Hamilton. Charged with murder in New York and New Jersey, Burr, still
vice president, returned to Washington, D.C., where he finished his term immune
from prosecution.In 1805, Burr, thoroughly discredited, concocted a plot with
James Wilkinson, commander-in-chief of the U.S. Army, to seize the Louisiana
Territory and establish an independent empire, which Burr, presumably, would
lead. He contacted the British government and unsuccessfully pleaded for
assistance in the scheme. Later, when border trouble with Spanish Mexico heated
up, Burr and Wilkinson conspired to seize territory in Spanish America for the
same purpose.In the fall of 1806, Burr led a group of well-armed colonists
toward New Orleans, prompting an immediate U.S. investigation. General
Wilkinson, in an effort to save himself, turned against Burr and sent dispatches
to Washington accusing Burr of treason. In February 1807, Burr was arrested in
Louisiana for treason and sent to Virginia to be tried in a U.S. court. In
September, he was acquitted on a technicality. Nevertheless, public opinion
condemned him as a traitor, and he fled to Europe. He later returned to private
life in New York, the murder charges against him forgotten. He died in 1836.

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MORE GENERAL INTEREST
1656 First Quaker colonists land at Boston
1979 Skylab crashes to Earth
1995 U.S. establishes diplomatic relations with Vietnam
historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=general&month=10272959&day=10272976

[Charity]

July 12

In 1817, Henry David Thoreau, Concord Mass, naturalist/pacifist (Walden Pond) was born
In 1854, George Eastman, Waterville NY, inventor (Kodak camera) was born
In 1864, George Washington Carver, botanist was born
www.who2.com/georgewashingtoncarver.html

In 1630, New Amsterdam's governor buys Gull Island from Indians for cargo, renames it
Oyster Island, it is later known as Ellis Island
In 1859, Paper bag manufacturing machine patents by William Goodale, Mass
In 1909, 16th Amendment approved (power to tax incomes)
www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/html/amdt16.html

In 1954, President Eisenhower put forward a plan for an interstate highway
In 1957, US Surgeon Gen Leroy Burney connects smoking with lung cancer

www.usmedicine.com/dailyNews.cfm?dailyID=35
and
www.oncolink.org/






July 13

In 1787, Congress establishes Northwest Territory (excludes slavery)
In 1832, Source of Mississippi River discovered (Henry R Schoolcraft)
In 1865, P T Barnum's museum burns down
In 1898, Guglielmo Marconi patents radio

[Charity]

July 14
In 1798, 1st direct federal tax on states-on dwellings, land & slaves
In 1868, Alvin J Fellows patents tape measure



July 15
In 1870, Georgia becomes last confederate to be readmitted to US
ngeorgia.com/history/recon.html

In 1944, Greenwich Observatory damaged by WW II flying bomb


July 16
In 1769, Father Junipero Serra founds Mission San Diego, 1st mission in Calif
In 1790, Congress establishes District of Columbia
In 1867, D R Averill patents ready-mixed paint
In 1867, Joseph Monier patents reinforced concrete
In 1969, Apollo 11, carrying 1st men to land on Moon, launched
nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo11info.html

[Charity]

July 17

In 1821, Spain cedes Florida to US
www.awesomeflorida.com/history.htm

In 1861, Congress authorizes paper money
www.pbs.org/moneymoves/money_facts/

In 1898, Spanish American War-Spaniards surrender to US at Santiago Cuba

In 1938, Douglas (Wrong Way) Corrigan leaves NY for LA, wound up in Ireland
www.who2.com/wrongwaycorrigan.html

[Charity]

July 18

In 1914, US army air service 1st comes into being, in Signal Corps
In 1947, President Truman signs Presidential Succession Act
www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0101032.html

In 1947, US begins administering Trust Territory of Pacific Islands
In 1968, Intel incorporates


July 19

In 1860, 1st railroad reaches Kansas
www.ku.edu/heritage/research/rr/railroads.html

In 1867, Congress passed 3rd Reconstruction Act over Pres Andrew Johnson's veto
In 1870, France declares war on Prussia; Franco-Prussian war begins
www.bartleby.com/65/fr/FrancoPr.html

In 1985, Christa McAuliffe chosen 1st school teacher to fly space shuttle
www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/mcauliffe.html

[Charity]

July 20

In 1872, Mahlon Loomis patents wireless radio
In 1917, WW I draft lottery held; #258 is 1st
In 1944, Japanese aircraft carrier Hijo sinks by US air attack



July 21
In 1925, Monkey Trial ends-John Scopes found guilty of teaching Darwinism
www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/monkeytrial/timeline/

In 1969, Neil Armstrong steps on Moon at 2:56:15 AM (GMT)
www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/armstrong-na.html

[Charity]

July 22

In 1893, Katharine Lee Bates writes "America the Beautiful," in Colorado
www.miketodd.net/encyc/beaut.htm

In 1933, Wiley Post completes 1st round-the-world solo flight
www.acepilots.com/post.html

In 1942, Gasoline rationing using coupons begins

In 1960, Cuba nationalizes all US owned sugar factories




July 23

In 1829, William Austin Burt patents "typographer" (typewriter)
www.maxmon.com/1829ad.htm

In 1851, Treaty of Traverse des Sioux signed by Sioux Indians & US
digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sio0588.htm

In 1903, Ford Motor Co sells 1st Model A car

In 1904, Ice cream cone created by Charles E Menches during La Purchase Expo

[Charity]

July 24

In 1758, George Washington admitted to Virginia House of Burgess
In 1938, Instant coffee invented



July 25

In 1947, US Air Force, Navy & War Dept form US Dept of Defense
In 1952, Puerto Rico becomes a self-governing US commonwealth

[Charity]

July 26

In 1775, 1st Postmaster General: Benjamin Franklin of Pa takes office
www.rsa.org.uk/franklin/ben/biog.html

In 1947, National Security Act establishes CIA
www.wikipedia.com/wiki/National+Security+Act+of+1947

In 1990, President Bush signs Americans With Disabilities Act
www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/adahom1.htm

In 1866, Atlantic telegraph cable successfully laid (1,686 miles long)

In 1909, Orville Wright tests 1st US Army airplane, flying 1h12m40s